In Ghana, the recently concluded elections have seen the incumbent New Patriotic Party lose to the National Democratic Congress. But while this signals a shift in government, little seems to signal a fundamental change in policy. This echoes the dysfunctional duopoly seen in the US, with the NPP and NDC being Ghana’s equivalent of the Democrat and Republican parties. Alas, over the years, both have allowed the IMF to seize real control of the country.
SourcesGhana’s economic crisis
https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/12/7/ghana-elections-who-is-running-and-whats-at-stake
NDC,NPP revolving door
https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cvgmmr1p7nxo
IMF’s role in Ghana’s crisis
https://www.e-ir.info/2015/03/01/conditional-development-ghana-crippled-by-structural-adjustment-programmes/#_ftn20
Foreign ownership denies Ghana revenue
https://amaghanaonline.com/2022/07/07/dr-kwabena-duffuors-take-on-ghanas-18th-imf-bailout/
2001 mineral export figures
https://www.academia.edu/76496645/What_does_Ghanas_experience_with_the_privatisation_of_its_gold_mining_industry_tell_us_about_the_Bretton_Woods_Institutions_narrative_of_development?auto=download
SAP’s role on mining in Ghana
https://www.academia.edu/76496645/What_does_Ghanas_experience_with_the_privatisation_of_its_gold_mining_industry_tell_us_about_the_Bretton_Woods_Institutions_narrative_of_development?auto=download